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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 947 毫秒
81.
The objective of the present research is to compare fecal coliform removal from two different sand column systems treating septic tank effluent over a range of hydraulic loading rates. Drain time measurements were performed to compare the hydraulic characteristic of the column systems at different hydraulic loading rates. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH were also measured for the septic tank effluent. A removal of the order of 99% for fecal coliform, TSS, and BOD in column effluent was achieved using the sand filter columns. The ‘break‐in’ period for determining the effectiveness of the sand filter columns is also discussed. 相似文献
82.
Kumar G Gautam N 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(2):243-247
In recent decades allelopathy has gained much attention in the sustainable agricultural systems. It is necessary to trace out the mechanism of action of allelochemicals of plants on other plants. Allelochemicals of different plants interact differently with each other. In the present context an attempt has been made to study the influence of allelochemicals released by Parthenium on the growth, morphology and cytology of Helianthus annuus, both being strong allelopathic plants. The lower concentration of decomposed Parthenium leaves showed enhancing effect while higher doses depicted suppressive effect on growth and morphology of Helianthus annuus. However, cytological studies of pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed increase in abnormality percentage with increasing concentration of allelochemicals. This study suggests better understanding of allelochemicals interaction and their incorporation into the betterment of crop. 相似文献
83.
Tripathi AK Gautam M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(1):127-132
In the present study species like Mangifera indica, Linn., Cassia fistula, Linn., and Eucalyptus hybrid were exposed to different air pollution load for short duration (active biomonitoring). Variation in biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugar free amino acid, ascorbic acid, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves were found to be pollution load dependent. These variations can be used as indicators of air pollution for early diagnosis of stress or as a marker for physiological damage to trees prior to the onset of visible injury symptoms. Just by analyzing these biochemical indicators air quality can also be assessed. 相似文献
84.
Regional Environmental Change - As the impacts of climate change (CC) have become apparent, Nepal has recently implemented a number of programs emphasizing climate sensitive resource management and... 相似文献
85.
Saumen Maiti V. C. Erram Gautam Gupta Ram Krishna Tiwari U. D. Kulkarni R. R. Sangpal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(4):3445-3465
Deplorable quality of groundwater arising from saltwater intrusion, natural leaching and anthropogenic activities is one of the major concerns for the society. Assessment of groundwater quality is, therefore, a primary objective of scientific research. Here, we propose an artificial neural network-based method set in a Bayesian neural network (BNN) framework and employ it to assess groundwater quality. The approach is based on analyzing 36 water samples and inverting up to 85 Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding data. We constructed a priori model by suitably parameterizing geochemical and geophysical data collected from the western part of India. The posterior model (post-inversion) was estimated using the BNN learning procedure and global hybrid Monte Carlo/Markov Chain Monte Carlo optimization scheme. By suitable parameterization of geochemical and geophysical parameters, we simulated 1,500 training samples, out of which 50 % samples were used for training and remaining 50 % were used for validation and testing. We show that the trained model is able to classify validation and test samples with 85 % and 80 % accuracy respectively. Based on cross-correlation analysis and Gibb’s diagram of geochemical attributes, the groundwater qualities of the study area were classified into following three categories: “Very good”, “Good”, and “Unsuitable”. The BNN model-based results suggest that groundwater quality falls mostly in the range of “Good” to “Very good” except for some places near the Arabian Sea. The new modeling results powered by uncertainty and statistical analyses would provide useful constrain, which could be utilized in monitoring and assessment of the groundwater quality. 相似文献
86.
Helena Guarino Ryan B. Cox Sagar M. Goyal Devi P. Patnayak 《Food and environmental virology》2013,5(3):157-161
There is a risk of virus transmission through contaminated pork, and many viruses are considered potential hazards for both humans and livestock. The risk of transmission may be elevated with importation/exportation of meat between countries globally. Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in different pork products has not been studied. The present study evaluated PRRSV survival in four different products: fresh sausage, ham, bacon, and acidified sausage prepared with experimentally contaminated pork. These products were prepared according to standard methods used by the manufacturers of pork products, and then stored at room temperature, 4 °C and ?20 °C. PRRSV was detected only in fresh sausage for up to 15 days at 4 °C and for 30 days at ?20 °C. No PRRSV was detected at any temperature in any of the other three products. These preliminary data provide valuable information for the pork processing industry, as well as in planning for import/export of these products among different countries. 相似文献
87.
A Mg0/Pd(+4) bimetallic system was evaluated to dechlorinate endosulfan and lindane in the aqueous phase. Studies were conducted with endosulfan and lindane separately, with or without acid in a 1:1 (v/v) water:acetone phase. In the absence of any acid, higher degradation of endosulfan and lindane was observed using Mg0/Pd(+4) doses of 10/0.5 and 4/0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Acetone plays an important role in facilitating the dechlorination reaction by increasing the solubilities of pesticides. Dechlorination kinetics for endosulfan and lindane (30 and 50 mg/L [30 and 50 ppm] concentration of each pesticide) were conducted with varying Mg0/Pd(+4) doses, and the time-course profiles were well-fitted into exponential curves. The optimum observed rate constants (k(obs)) for endosulfan and lindane were obtained with Mg0/Pd(+4) doses of 5/0.5 and 4/0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that endosulfan and lindane were dechlorinated completely into their hydrocarbon skeletons-Bicyclo [2,2,1] hepta 2-5 diene and benzene, respectively. 相似文献
88.
In recent years, the problem of fluoride in Nawa tehsil (Nagaur district) has reached at an alarming proportion. In the last
decades, the water table of the Nawa tehsil has fallen. With the lowering of the water table, the amount of fluoride has increased
in the subsoil water which is used by the villagers when drawn through hand pumps, tube wells etc. So the present study illustrates
the groundwater quality of randomly selected villages of Nawa tehsil. The highest fluoride concentration was found in Rulaniyo
ki Dhani i.e. 14.62 ppm. The excessive intake of fluoride resulted in dental and skeletal fluorosis. 相似文献
89.
Krupa S Booker F Bowersox V Lehmann C Lehmann CT Grantz D 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(8):986-993
Approximately 80 different crop species are grown in the United States in widely differing geographic areas, climatic and edaphic conditions, and management practices. Although the majority of cultivated acreage in the United States is planted with only about 10 primary crops, uncertainties associated with trace gas emissions arise from: (1) limited data availability, (2) inaccurate estimates because of large temporal and spatial variability in trace gas composition and magnitude of trace gas emissions from agricultural activities, (3) differing characteristics of pollutant emissions from highly dispersed animal feed-lots, and (4) limited understanding of the emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with agriculture. Although emission issues are of concern, so also is atmospheric deposition to cropping systems, including wet and dry nitrogen, minerals, and organic compounds. These can have feedback effects on trace gas emissions. Overall, the many gaps in our understanding of these aspects of agricultural systems deserve serious attention. 相似文献
90.
Soumyajit Banerjee Gautam Aditya Goutam K Saha 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(1):233-239
An assessment of the household wastes as larval habitats of the dengue vectors was made considering Kolkata, India, as geographical area. Wastes of four major categories, namely, earthen, porcelain, plastic and coconut shells were monitored for positive with immature of either Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. Twenty six types of wastes with varying size and shape, resembling containers, were identified that hosted mosquito immature. The number of waste containers positive for Aedes immature varied significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to location, type and month. The relative density of Aedes immature in the waste containers varied significantly (P < 0.05) with the types and months. The significant interaction between the month, waste container types and density of Aedes immature suggest that the household wastes are important contributors to the maintenance of the population of Aedes mosquito in the city. Based on the relative density of mosquito immature in the wastes, cluster analysis allowed segregation and classification of the wastes and their importance as mosquito larval habitats. Apparently, the containers that are most frequently disposed off contributed largely to the sustenance of Aedes mosquito population in the city. This calls for a strict legislation towards disposal as well as enhanced management of the household wastes. A link between the wastes disposed and subsequent conversion to the mosquito larval habitats cautions for continuance of Aedes population and possibility of dengue epidemics if the existing management practices are not improved. 相似文献